Alcohol exposure during pregnancy can cause a range of birth defects and developmental disabilities known as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASDs). These include physical, behavioral, and intellectual disabilities that can affect a child for their entire life.

Drinking alcohol during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage and stillbirth. Even small amounts of alcohol can be harmful to the developing fetus, especially during the first trimester when the baby's organs are forming.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is the most severe form of FASD and is characterized by facial abnormalities, growth deficiencies, and central nervous system problems. Children with FAS may have intellectual disabilities, learning difficulties, behavioral problems, and other lifelong challenges.

In addition to FAS, prenatal alcohol exposure can result in other FASDs, such as partial fetal alcohol syndrome (pFAS), alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND), and alcohol-related birth defects (ARBD). These conditions may not always have visible physical features, but they can still cause significant cognitive and behavioral impairments.

There is no known safe level of alcohol consumption during pregnancy. The safest approach is for women who are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or breastfeeding to abstain from alcohol entirely.

Alcohol can harm the developing fetus at any stage of pregnancy, but the risks are highest during the early stages when the baby's organs are forming. However, alcohol exposure throughout pregnancy can have negative effects on fetal development.

It's essential for healthcare providers to educate women about the risks of alcohol use during pregnancy and provide support and resources for those who may need help abstaining from alcohol. Partner and family support can also play a crucial role in preventing prenatal alcohol exposure.