Smoking damages the respiratory system, increasing the risk of conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and pneumonia. It irritates the airways, causes inflammation, and reduces lung function, leading to difficulty breathing and coughing.

Smoking is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including coronary artery disease, heart attack, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. It damages blood vessels, reduces blood flow, increases blood pressure, and promotes the formation of blood clots, increasing the risk of heart-related events.

Smoking is the leading cause of preventable cancer deaths worldwide. It increases the risk of various types of cancer, including lung cancer, throat cancer, mouth cancer, esophageal cancer, bladder cancer, pancreatic cancer, and others. Smoking-related cancers account for a significant proportion of cancer deaths globally.

moking weakens the immune system, making smokers more susceptible to infections, including respiratory infections such as pneumonia and influenza. It impairs the body's ability to fight off pathogens and recover from illness, leading to more severe and prolonged infections.

Smoking can have negative effects on reproductive health in both men and women. In men, smoking can reduce sperm count, motility, and quality, leading to infertility and erectile dysfunction. In women, smoking can increase the risk of infertility, pregnancy complications (such as miscarriage, preterm birth, and low birth weight), and developmental problems in babies exposed to tobacco smoke in utero.

Smoking has detrimental effects on oral health, including gum disease, tooth decay, tooth loss, and oral cancer. It can cause gum inflammation, impair wound healing in the mouth, and increase the risk of oral infections and oral lesions.

Smoking accelerates skin aging and increases the risk of skin problems such as wrinkles, premature aging, and skin cancer. It reduces blood flow to the skin, depriving it of oxygen and essential nutrients, and damages collagen and elastin fibers, leading to sagging and wrinkling.

Smoking can weaken bones and increase the risk of osteoporosis and fractures. It interferes with calcium absorption, reduces bone density, and impairs bone healing, making smokers more prone to fractures and slower recovery from injuries.